Oral health guideline for pregnant women
By Nefeli Tsoukatou
Pregnancy is a magical period in a woman’s life, full of expectations and changes. As the body adjusts to new demands, it is important to pay close attention to all aspects of health. One area that is often overlooked—but equally important—is oral health. In this article, we will explore how hormonal changes during pregnancy affect the health of gums and teeth, and why consistent dental care is essential.
How Does Pregnancy Affect Oral Health?
Hormonal changes during pregnancy are intense and affect nearly every organ and system in the body, including the gums and teeth. The increased levels of progesterone and estrogen change the way the gums respond to plaque, making them more sensitive to bacteria and inflammation.
One of the most common problems faced by pregnant women is pregnancy gingivitis, an inflammation of the gums characterized by swelling, redness, and bleeding.
Other common symptoms during pregnancy include pregnancy tumors (small, benign growths on the gums), increased gum sensitivity during brushing or flossing, periodontitis, and even the risk of preterm birth.
Tips for Proper Dental Care During Pregnancy
Daily and consistent dental care is essential not only for preventing the above complications but also for improving the overall health of the pregnant woman and, consequently, her baby. A common question is what a pregnant woman can do to maintain good oral hygiene.
Regular dental check-ups and daily oral care at home are the most effective ways to preserve oral health. It is crucial to brush your teeth 2–3 times a day with a soft toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste, and to use dental floss and mouthwash. Also, do not overlook the importance of a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables. In case of vomiting episodes, it's important to rinse the mouth with water to remove stomach acids. Smoking and alcohol should be strictly avoided, as they can harm not only oral health but also fetal development.
When Should a Pregnant Woman Visit the Dentist?
Ideally, a preventive dental check-up should be done during the first trimester. The second trimester is considered the most suitable period for any necessary dental procedures. In the third trimester, extensive treatments are generally avoided unless urgent care is needed.
Therefore, dental care during pregnancy is important not only for the mother’s health but also for the baby’s well-being. The hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy directly affect gum and tooth health, making early diagnosis and prevention essential. With proper care and regular visits to the dentist, pregnant women can reduce risks and keep their mouths healthy.
If you're pregnant, don’t ignore early signs such as bleeding gums or sensitivity while brushing. A preventive check-up, especially during the second trimester, can help you identify and treat potential problems, preventing more serious complications. Remember, your oral health directly affects your baby’s development. Make oral health a priority—start today!
References:
Hemalatha VT et al. (2013), Dental Considerations in Pregnancy—A Critical Review on the Oral Care, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. Vol 7, no. 5, 2013, p.948-953, https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2013/5405.2986.
Yenen Z, Ataçağ T. (2019), Oral care in pregnancy, Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association. Vol 20, no. 4, 2019, p. 264–8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6883753/
Radwan-Oczko, M., Hirnle, L., Szczepaniak, M. et al. (2023). How much do pregnant women know about the importance of oral health in pregnancy? Questionnaire-based survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 23, 348. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05677-4